See furbish on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "furbisher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "furbish up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "refurbish"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:furbisshen<id:furbish>",
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrankish *furbēnbor.\nOld French forbirbor.\nMiddle English furbisshen\nEnglish furbish\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"polish\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"clean\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*furbēn\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"forbir\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"furbisshen\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"furbish\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"polish\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"furbish\" id=\"English:_polish\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "furbisshen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English furbisshen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "forbir",
"t": "to clean, polish",
"tr": "stem <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fro\">furbiss-</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old French forbir (stem furbiss-, “to clean, polish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*furbēn",
"t": "to clean, polish"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *furbēn (“to clean, polish”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nFrankish *furbēnbor.\nOld French forbirbor.\nMiddle English furbisshen\nEnglish furbish\nFrom Middle English furbisshen, from Old French forbir (stem furbiss-, “to clean, polish”), from Frankish *furbēn (“to clean, polish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "furbishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "furbished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furbished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "furbish (third-person singular simple present furbishes, present participle furbishing, simple past and past participle furbished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To polish or burnish."
],
"id": "en-furbish-en-verb-66cvS2ak",
"links": [
[
"polish",
"polish"
],
[
"burnish",
"burnish"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "wax"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "shine"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "polish"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "buff"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "burnish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "lăskam",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "лъскам"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poliram",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "полирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "aufputzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "aufpolieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "blank polieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "blank wienern"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "furbisshen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "25 75",
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{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
261,
270
]
],
"ref": "1897, Stanley John Weyman, chapter I, in Shrewsbury:",
"text": "I do not indeed suppose that anyone can at this time of day effect that which the sense of all good men failed to effect while he lived--I mean the final killing of those rumours; nor is a plain tale likely to persuade those, with whom idle reports, constantly furbished up, of letters seen in France, weigh more than a consistent life.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To renovate or recondition; to refurbish."
],
"id": "en-furbish-en-verb-VOB7RQSl",
"links": [
[
"renovate",
"renovate"
],
[
"recondition",
"recondition"
],
[
"refurbish",
"refurbish"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "văzstanovjavam",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "възстановявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "neu ausstatten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "instand setzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "neu einrichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "renovieren"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɜːbɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɝbɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-furbish.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-furbish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-furbish.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "to refurbish",
"word": "repair"
}
],
"word": "furbish"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "furbisher"
},
{
"word": "furbish up"
},
{
"word": "refurbish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:furbisshen<id:furbish>",
"id": "polish",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrankish *furbēnbor.\nOld French forbirbor.\nMiddle English furbisshen\nEnglish furbish\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"polish\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"clean\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*furbēn\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"forbir\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"furbisshen\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"furbish\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"polish\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"furbish\" id=\"English:_polish\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "furbisshen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English furbisshen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "forbir",
"t": "to clean, polish",
"tr": "stem <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fro\">furbiss-</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old French forbir (stem furbiss-, “to clean, polish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*furbēn",
"t": "to clean, polish"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *furbēn (“to clean, polish”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nFrankish *furbēnbor.\nOld French forbirbor.\nMiddle English furbisshen\nEnglish furbish\nFrom Middle English furbisshen, from Old French forbir (stem furbiss-, “to clean, polish”), from Frankish *furbēn (“to clean, polish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "furbishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "furbished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furbished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "furbish (third-person singular simple present furbishes, present participle furbishing, simple past and past participle furbished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To polish or burnish."
],
"links": [
[
"polish",
"polish"
],
[
"burnish",
"burnish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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261,
270
]
],
"ref": "1897, Stanley John Weyman, chapter I, in Shrewsbury:",
"text": "I do not indeed suppose that anyone can at this time of day effect that which the sense of all good men failed to effect while he lived--I mean the final killing of those rumours; nor is a plain tale likely to persuade those, with whom idle reports, constantly furbished up, of letters seen in France, weigh more than a consistent life.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To renovate or recondition; to refurbish."
],
"links": [
[
"renovate",
"renovate"
],
[
"recondition",
"recondition"
],
[
"refurbish",
"refurbish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɜːbɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɝbɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-furbish.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-furbish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-furbish.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "wax"
},
{
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "shine"
},
{
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "polish"
},
{
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "buff"
},
{
"sense": "to make smooth and shiny by rubbing",
"word": "burnish"
},
{
"alt": "to refurbish",
"word": "repair"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "lăskam",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "лъскам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poliram",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "полирам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "aufputzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "aufpolieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "blank polieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "blank wienern"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "To polish or burnish",
"word": "furbisshen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "văzstanovjavam",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "възстановявам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "neu ausstatten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "instand setzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "neu einrichten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To renovate or recondition",
"word": "renovieren"
}
],
"word": "furbish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for furbish meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.